XX市某小区供热系统的外网设计及其换热站设计

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摘要

随着人们生活水平的提高，集中供热被越来越多地采用。采用集中供暖可以减少能量的浪费,提高供热效率,减少环境污染,利于管理。同时采用集中供热可提高供热质量,提高人们的生活质量。因此本设计便采用这种供热方式。同时本设计要求使系统的平衡性有一个较大的提高,尽量减少系统的水力失调。

本设计为焦作市某小区集中供热系统的外网设计及其换热站设计。小区的总建筑面积为105110m²，采用面积热指标法计算小区的供暖热负荷，总计4770KW。根据供暖热负荷计算出热水流量，利用经济比摩阻进行水力计算，确定各管段管径。接着进行换热站内设备的选择计算（包括汽水换热器、循环水泵、补水泵、除污器、分汽缸、膨胀水箱），最后对供暖管道进行保温及其附件的选择计算。

本设计中供热管网采用枝状管网布置。近年来兴起的直埋敷设因其造价低，施工快，维护简单等特点以及越来越可靠的性能，在实际工程中也有了很多应用，本次设计的的管网采用了这种新型的敷设方式。间接连接供热因其热源补水率低，热网的压力工况和流量工况不受用户的影响，便于热网运行管理,所以本设计采用这种供热方式，在小区内设置了热力站。为了防止供热管到升温时，由于热伸长或温度应力而引起管道变形或破坏，需要在管道上设置补偿器，以补偿管道的热伸长。本设计采用自然补偿和方形补偿器进行热补偿，并对管道附件进行强度计算。对于供热调节，当室外温度变化时，热网的流量不变，而改变供回水温度进行质调节。

关键词：间接连接供热；直埋敷设；水力平衡。

Abstract

Along with the people living standard's enhancement, centralized heat-suppy system has been adopted more and more. The adoption of centralized heat-suppy system can reduce waste of energy, raise the efficiency of heating, decrease pollution of environment and can benefit in management. At the same time, it can raise heat-suppy quality and people's living quality. So this design adopts this heat-suppy system. And it also requests to enhance the balance of the system, reduce the system's hydraulic disorder .

This design is about a centralized heat-suppy system's outside heat-suppy network design and an area substation design in Taian. The total construction area is 105,110 square meters, and it adopts space-heating load data per uint floor area to calculate space-heating load , which is totaled 4770 KW. According to the area’s heating load to figure out water flow, uses economic specific frictional resistance to carry on hydraulic calculation, determines the pipe diameter. Then carries on the equipment's calculation of the area substation (including steam-water heat exchangers, circurit circulating pumps, make-up pums,stainer,steam manifold and expansion tanks), finally carries on the insulation of the pipes and chooses its accessories.

This design uses tree-shaped heat-suppy network layout. 0Because of it’s low price, quick construction, simple maintaining, as well as more and more reliable performance, recentiy- emerged directly buried installation had many applications in the actual project. This design has used this new way of layout. Because of the indirect connection’s low make-up water percentage, the condition of pressure and rate of flow is independence to the user and easy for the management of the heating system, this design uses this connection and sets a substation in the area. In order to prevent the deformation or damage of the pipelines, which is caused by thermal expansion or temperature stress, establishes the compensator on the pipelines, to compensate pipeline's thermal expansion. This design uses the self-compensation and U-shaped expansion joint and carries on the strength calculation to the pipeline accessories. As to operation regulation, changes water temperature to carry on the constant flow control when outdoor temperature changes, but the hot net's flow is invariable.